In 1859, Martin Robison Delany, physician, abolitionist, journalist, military officer, and the father of Black Nationalism, led an African American exploring party to Niger Valley in hopes to find a homeland for African American repatriation.
Delany who was the only Black officer to receive the rank of Major during the Civil War, traveled to Africa as commissioner of an emigration convention to scout a suitable site to explore for a new Black nation. He explored various regions, focusing mainly on today’s Nigeria, and signing treaties with local chiefs.
As one biographer observed, “He…led the first party of scientific exploration to Africa from the American continent.” From this experience came his 1861 book “Official Report of the Niger Valley Exploring Party.”
References:
- Soodalter, Ron. 2019. ‘My Soul Is Vexed Within Me So,’ HistoryNet.
- Butler, Gerry. March 3, 2007. “Martin Robison Delany (1812-1885),” BlackPast.
Photo:
- Hand-colored lithograph on paper, circa 1865. “Martin Robison Delany was the only black officer who received the rank of major during the Civil War.” Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons.